A stochastic weather generation model for Alaska

A specific problem encountered in ecosystem-level simulation of Arctic ecosystems is the depth and extent of the driving variable record. Often, climate records are of short duration, gathered at locations different from the area to be simulated, or do not contain all the variables required by a given model. This paper addresses this problem for ecosystem simulation in Alaska with the development of a weather generator. The generator, called WGENAL, is based on the WGEN climate generator developed and validated in the 48 conterminous states. Because of the extreme variability of weather in Alaska that is not accommodated by the statistical metrics in the earlier model, a new climate generator was developed. WGENAL generates daily values of precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, solar radiation, and wind run. Precipitation is generated using a Markov chain-gamma model. A two-parameter gamma distribution is used to generate wind run. Temperatures and solar radiation are generated using procedures developed in the earlier study. Validation of the generator shows it provides adequate diurnal and seasonal weather records for Fairbanks. Other comparisons of synthetic weather with observed weather for sites north of the Brooks Range in Alaska are also within the error of the original data.     

Formation of recycled plastics from depolymerized monomers derived from waste fiber-reinforced plastics

To develop a new method for the chemical recycling of plastics, we examined the formation of recycled polymers from the recovered monomeric materials of solubilized waste fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) under supercritical alcoholic conditions. Treatment of waste FRP with supercritical MeOH resulted in the formation of monomeric organic compounds that mainly contained dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and propylene glycol. The presence of these materials was confirmed by gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses and they were mixed with new DMP and glycols in various ratios to form unsaturated polyesters. The polymerization progressed successfully for all mixing ratios of the recovered and new DMP. Hardness tests on these recycled polymers indicated that the polymer made from a 1:1 mixture of recovered and new dimethyl phthalate had almost the same level of hardness as the polymers made from new materials. We also examined the formation of recycled FRP by using glass fibers and monomeric materials recovered through the present depolymerization method. Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6     

Modification of Soy Protein Plastic with Functional Monomer with Reactive Extrusion

Chemical modification of soy protein with monomers such as maleic anhydride, glycidyl methacrylate and styrene was accomplished using reactive extrusion technology. Thermal and mechanical properties of the modified soy protein plastics were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and a United Testing System load frame. It was found that the denaturation temperature and the glass transition temperature of soy protein plastic changed. In addition, the tensile properties of modified soy protein plastic improved. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the structure of modified soy proteins. A suggestion of the interaction between soy protein and functional group in functional polymers is given. Through the in-situ interaction between the polymer and soy protein plastic, the mechanical properties of the soy protein plastic can be adjusted and controlled.     

改进型双循环多级水幕吸收塔的烟气脱硫性能研究

以改进后的双循环多级水幕塔对烟气进行脱硫性能研究,利用双循环不同p H值控制的优点和多级水幕的效果,增加气液接触面积和传质动力,提高SO2吸收效果。在正交实验确定的最佳运行工况基础上,从烟气流量、上下两段p H值、L/G、SO2进气浓度等因素进行研究。结果表明,SO2进气浓度在5 000 mg/m3以下时,脱硫效率保持在93%以上。上段p H值为6.0,下段p H值为5.0,L/G在15左右时的脱硫效率和运行工况最佳,无结垢现象。改进后的吸收塔具有良好的应用前景,实验结果可对现场脱硫设备的调试和运行提供参考。     

基于强度折减与刚度退化小净距隧道围岩稳定性研究

运用刚度退化的基本原理和方法,将泊松比ν和弹性模量E进行调整,提出变刚度隧道围岩强度折减法。以某小净距隧道为例,在只调整ν或E、同时调整ν和E、保持ν和E不变4种情况下,探讨了刚度退化对小净距隧道围岩稳定性的影响。结果表明:ν对隧道拱顶下沉、拱底沉降、最大主应力的影响要强于E;隧道两拱脚向内位移随折减系数的增大而增大,内侧拱脚向内位移比外侧拱脚的要大,且在刚度调整时拱脚位移要比保持刚度不变时大;等效塑性应变随折减系数的增大而增大,刚度调整导致等效塑性应变区减小,考虑刚度退化推迟了中夹岩柱塑性区贯通;将变刚度隧道围岩强度折减法应用于小净距隧道工程围岩稳定性评价,可依据安全系数的大小来评判设计的合理性,为支护参数及施工技术的选用提供参考。     

岩体强度参数新解及应用

针对Hoek Brown强度准则的较复杂地质参数,提出利用Mohr Coulomb强度准则参数替代。基于2002年版本的Hoek Brown强度准则,并结合准岩体强度准则,建立了岩石力学参数和Hoek Brown强度参数之间的新的换算关系式。经算例分析了换算关系式在已知的岩体强度参数条件下,计算出的Hoek Brown强度参数均在其取值范围之内;并根据单因素控制变量法,得出地质参数mb、s随内聚力增加而减小,随内摩擦角增加而增加;地质参数α受内聚力和内摩擦角影响较小;并将强度参数新解法用于计算巷道围岩塑性区半径。结论是岩石力学参数对地质参数有一定的影响,并且强度参数新解法计算出的塑性区半径为支护定量设计提供理论依据。     

断层影响下合理煤柱尺寸留设数值模拟分析

针对潘三矿1642(1)工作面回采受F24大型逆断层影响,利用FLAC3D软件研究留设不同尺寸断层煤柱情况下,应力场、位移场和塑性区演化规律,从而提出合理的断层煤柱留设尺寸。研究发现,随着煤柱的减小,应力集中区域逐渐向断层上盘转移;在断层影响下,顶板最大下沉位置发生在靠近断层一侧;当煤柱尺寸减小到一个临界值时,采空区上方塑性区发育高度会突然增大。留设合理的断层煤柱就是确保塑性区不与断层接触的情况下,尽量减小煤柱尺寸。     

交联壳聚糖膜吸附直接染料的性能研究

以戊二醛为交联剂,采用流延法制备交联壳聚糖膜作为吸附剂,对3种不同直接染料水溶液进行吸附脱色处理,实验表明,刚果红的去除率可达96%,直接紫B、直接绿BE的去除率均可达81%。交联壳聚糖膜对刚果红的吸附符合Langmuir方程(R2=0.999),对直接绿和直接紫的吸附符合Freundlich方程,相关系数均大于0.99;吸附过程动力学符合二级反应,R2均为0.999。     

天然气管道局部等效应力及塑性变形评估

为了研究腐蚀及地面运动对埋地天然气管线安全性的协同影响,以X80管道为研 究对象,模拟腐蚀缺陷及土壤力作用于管道之上,利用有限元方法对有腐蚀缺陷与预应 变情况下的管道局部等效应力及塑性变形进行评估,结果表明腐蚀缺陷的深度对局部应 力和应力分布影响非常明显,在失效压力预测中起着决定性作用。随着腐蚀深度的增加 ,应力集中增强,导致内表面和外表面的等效应力大小进一步分化,腐蚀深度的增加对 管道内表面的等效应力的影响很大,但对有效塑性应变的影响却不大。模拟管道上施加 有纵向应变的土壤力,不论拉伸与压缩的情况下,都会降低管道的失效压力,在施加拉 伸预应变下的管道失效压力小于压缩预应变下的。塑性变形首先发生在外表面处,并扩 展到腐蚀缺陷相邻区域,管道内表面也具有一定的塑性变形,但强度低。     

基于瓦斯抽采关键封孔参数及新型封孔材料应用研究

针对煤层瓦斯抽采封孔参数选取不合理,传统封孔材料封堵钻孔周边裂隙效果差等主要问题,采用数值模拟、实验室试验及工程实践等多种手段,分析不同封孔方式的漏气效果,研究封孔时效性对瓦斯抽采的影响,完成最优实验配比及性能测试,验证了现场瓦斯抽采效果。结果表明:全封孔方式抽采效果优于半封孔,合理控制封孔时效性,钻孔周边围岩破坏减少,封孔效果提高;正交试验确定材料最优配比即复合早强剂0.3%、复合缓凝剂0.5%、膨胀剂0.03%、水灰比1.2;试样周围充斥着交叉、贯通的“网状结构”钙矾石,且呈现多而密的粗棒状结构;材料具备塑性变形特性,持续变形量大;与矿方原封孔材料相比,新型封孔材料封孔后瓦斯抽采浓度提高193.3%,抽采周期明显延长,抽采效果显著提高。